Physics

Darla Frandrup, Regents Science 236
507-786-3142

wp.stolaf.edu/physics

Physics is the study of how and why things work — from the minute world of the atomic nucleus to the universe itself — within the context of a few fundamental laws. The goal of the physics curriculum is to acquaint students with basic natural phenomena and with the quantitative methods of experimentation and theoretical analysis through which we come to understand them. It provides an excellent preparation for students planning a technical career in physics, engineering, astronomy, or related interdisciplinary programs (biophysics, geophysics, materials science, chemical physics, etc.). In addition, physics supports the background training of biologists, chemists, environmental scientists, and computer scientists. Undertaking a liberal arts physics program enables students to become technically literate scientists who have a broad understanding of the world and can communicate well.

Overview of the Major

For most students the physics major begins in the fall of their first year with the calculus-based introductory sequence, PHYS 130 Analytical Physics I, PHYS 131 Analytical Physics II, and PHYS 232 Analytical Physics III. These three courses cover mechanics, electricity and magnetism, wave phenomena, relativity, and quantum mechanics. This is followed in the sophomore spring semester with PHYS 244 Modern Physics and PHYS 245 Modern Physics Laboratory (0.25). The junior and senior years features more advanced studies in Classical Mechanics (PHYS 374), Maxwell's Equations (PHYS 375), and Advanced Laboratory (PHYS 385 and PHYS 386, 0.25 each). Two elective course credits complete the requirements for the major; students choose from a variety of elective options depending on their career goals. A progressive sequence of courses in mathematics supports the coursework above. Laboratory experimentation and computer-based simulations or analysis are important parts of the curriculum throughout the major. Students are encouraged to participate in research with faculty members and in off-campus research or internship programs, most often in the summer.

Distinction

See Academic Honors

Students who demonstrate excellence in physics coursework and who complete and report on an additional project, typically a research experience, will be considered for distinction in physics. The project may culminate in a public presentation on research work or a topic of current interest in physics or in a written report such as a published paper or a paper submitted for PHYS 398 Independent Research. Other activities may be eligible; check with the department chair. In seeking to honor outstanding coursework in the major, faculty members do not rely solely on grades earned, but also consider factors such as improvement and dedication. Faculty members nominate candidates who have met the additional project criterion and a majority vote is taken.

Special Programs

To obtain certification as a teacher of physical science, a physics major must take the appropriate education courses and some additional science courses. The Education Department chair should be consulted for details of the available options. The requirement for a physics elective is waived.

The computer science major can be designed to emphasize computer hardware by inclusion of PHYS 246 Electronics.

Students interested in the engineering profession may choose from two primary options. The option currently preferred by most students is to complete a St. Olaf degree and then enter a master’s degree program at an engineering school of their choice. Such a route typically takes 1.5-2 years beyond the B.A. Alternatively, we offer a cooperative five-year program with Washington University that provides a B.A. degree from St. Olaf and a B.S. in engineering from Wash U. 

In recent summers, approximately 5 to 10 research positions have been available on-campus for students interested in working with physics faculty on current research projects. These projects are supported by both external and internal funds and provide a stipend for student physics participants. See the college's Collaborative Undergraduate Research and Inquiry web page for descriptions of recent projects.

Students also may register during the year for PHYS 398 Independent Research or apply to the Oak Ridge Science Semester Program. International programs that can include course work in physics are the British university programs at Aberdeen, Lancaster, and the University of East Anglia.

Recommendations for Graduate Study

Students planning on graduate work in physics, engineering, materials science or related areas should choose appropriate electives in the major and consider additional coursework in mathematics, computer science, or other sciences, depending on the field of interest. Summer research experience is strongly recommended, especially for students entering Ph.D. programs. Students pursuing master's degrees in engineering are encouraged to complete internships in their areas of interest.

Specific recommendations by field of study:

Physics: To prepare for graduate study in physics, students are advised to take Quantum Mechanics (PHYS 376) and Statistical Physics (PHYS 379) and to consider additional physics electives or math courses such as complex analysis, abstract algebra, probability, statistics, numerical analysis, and real analysis. For example, Electronics (PHYS 246) develops skills that are useful in many experimental research settings.

Materials Science: To prepare for graduate study in materials science, students are advised to take Quantum Mechanics (PHYS 376). In addition, students should consider Statistical Physics (PHYS 379), Materials Engineering and Nanoscience (PHYS 362), and/or additional physics electives or math courses such as complex analysis, abstract algebra, probability, statistics, numerical analysis, and real analysis. For example, Electronics (PHYS 246) develops skills that are useful in many experimental research settings.

Civil Engineering: To prepare for graduate study in civil engineering, students are advised to consider Introduction to Engineering Design (PHYS 160),  Engineering Design Practicum (ENGR 360), Materials Engineering and Nanoscience (PHYS 362), Electronics (PHYS 246), and/or other physics electives, along with appropriate courses in chemistry, mathematics, and computer science.

Electrical Engineering: To prepare for graduate study in electrical engineering, students are advised to take Quantum Mechanics (PHYS 376) and Electronics (PHYS 246) and are strongly encouraged to take Statistical Physics (PHYS 379). Students should also consider Introduction to Engineering Design (PHYS 160), Engineering Design Practicum (ENGR 360), Materials Engineering and Nanoscience (PHYS 362), and/or other physics electives, along with appropriate courses in chemistry, mathematics, and computer science.

Mechanical Engineering: To prepare for graduate study in mechanical engineering, students are advised to consider Introduction to Engineering Design (PHYS 160), Engineering Design Practicum (ENGR 360), Materials Engineering and Nanoscience (PHYS 362), Electronics (PHYS 246), and/or other physics electives, along with appropriate courses in chemistry, mathematics, and computer science. Quantum Mechanics (PHYS 376) is strongly encouraged for students interested in nanoscale technology and engineering.

Other engineering fields: There are many fields within engineering, both within and outside the broad areas of civil, electrical, and mechanical engineering. These include acoustical engineering, aerospace engineering, biomedical engineering, and geotechnical engineering, to name a few. Engineering graduate programs are typically looking for solid preparation in areas such as physics, chemistry, mathematics, and computer programming. Some fields, such as biomedical engineering, require background in biology or other areas as well. Consult with the Engineering Advisor and specific graduate programs for further information.