Sociology/Anthropology
Jessica VanZuilen, Holland Hall 426
507-786-3351
vanzui2@stolaf.edu
wp.stolaf.edu/sociology
Sociology and anthropology examine how society and culture shape human beings in powerful ways. While these are two distinct disciplines, at St. Olaf they combine to form one major (SOAN). Sociology developed to understand the nature and problems of modern industrial societies, while anthropology grew out of European and American colonial encounters. Both seek to explain the relationships among individuals, groups, institutions, culture, and meaning; both seek insights into pressing issues.
The two disciplines share a commitment to social and cultural critique, by critically analyzing the relations of hierarchy and inequity that might otherwise appear natural. These could include analyzing systems like racism and colonialism, examining institutions like schools, hospitals, and cities, and broad processes like globalization and climate change. Sociologists and anthropologists both strive to understand the social mechanics of exclusion, marginalization, and domination.
SOAN majors go on to careers in many different fields, from social service work, public policy and law, and health care, to business and education. The aim of the major is to help students think like anthropologists and sociologists, so that they can better analyze taken-for-granted social dynamics.
Overview of the Major
Potential majors are invited to either begin with an introductory class to sociology or anthropology or try one of the SOAN 200-level courses. Those interested in exploring further should take the required theory course (SOAN 290) to see if the major is a good fit. If yes, they would do well to consult with one of the faculty members in the department. Aside from the four elective courses SOAN majors take, junior and seniors complete the two required research methods courses that include hands-on projects. The SOAN Senior Seminar explores ethical issues in sociological and anthropological work and serves as the capstone of the major.
Sociology/anthropology majors are highly encouraged to apply and test their skills by studying abroad or away, doing an independent study or research project, or completing an internship as part of their career exploration.
Special Programs
Faculty in the Sociology/Anthropology Department may be asked to provide academic supervision of internships that students arrange in community agencies (see SOAN 294 and SOAN 394). For details on study abroad and away programs, see The Smith Center for Global Engagement section of this catalog. The Sociology/Anthropology Department is a core participant in the following interdisciplinary majors: race and ethnic studies, Asian studies, Latin American studies, social work, nursing, social studies education, and gender and sexuality studies. The Sociology/Anthropology Department also contributes to the Africa and the Americas, family studies, and the Middle Eastern studies concentrations.
Requirements for the Major
| Code | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| Four core courses | ||
| SOAN 290 | Social Theory 1 | 1.00 |
| SOAN 371 | Foundations of Social Science Research: Quantitative Methods | 1.00 |
| SOAN 373 | Ethnographic Research Methods | 1.00 |
| SOAN 399 | Senior Seminar | 1.00 |
| One of the following: 2 | 1.00 | |
| Introductory Econometrics | ||
| Statistics 1 | ||
| Four elective courses 3, 4 | 4.00 | |
| Total Credits | 9 | |
- 1
290 will be the required "Theory" core course for students graduating in 2028 and later. Students graduating in 2027 and earlier must take SOAN 291 (Sociological Theory) and SOAN 292 (Anthropological Theory)
- 2
SDS 172 or ECON 260 should be taken before SOAN 371, but it is possible to take it concurrently if necessary.
- 3
Students are permitted to take one of the four elective courses, but not a core course, S/U.
- 4
An introductory course is not required but may be used as an elective. Both SOAN 121 and SOAN 128 may be counted as electives for the major.
All core courses must be taken on campus. Students who study abroad on a St. Olaf program that includes a sociology or anthropology course may petition to have this course count as an elective toward their major. One independent study/research course or an off-campus field internship supervised by department faculty may also count as an elective toward the major.
*By completing this major, the student also satisfies the OLE Core Writing in the Major requirement.
SOAN 121 and SOAN 128 are open to first-year students only. There are no prerequisites for level II courses, although one previous SOAN course is recommended. SOAN 371 and SOAN 373 are open only to juniors and seniors.
Level I Courses
SOAN 121: Introduction to Sociology
This course helps students explore the connections between society and their own lives. Students answer challenging questions such as "Do we have a 'human nature'?," "Why does social inequality exist?," "What is race?," and "How do societies change?" In answering these questions students learn to develop a sociological imagination. In doing so they review the various research methods and theories that form the sociological tradition. This course is open to first-year students or students in certain accredited programs. Open to all students when taught during the summer. Offered each semester.
OLE Core Requirement: Power and Race; Social Science.
SOAN 128: Introduction to Cultural Anthropology
How do anthropologists study other cultures? Peoples around the world create different realities through the ways they conceptualize experience (cultures) and how they organize themselves to do what they need to do (societies). Anthropologists describe and compare cultures and societies, focusing on different aspects such as family and kinship, inequality and power, religion and values, economy and technology, cultural and social change. This course is open to first-year students or students in certain accredited programs. Offered each semester.
OLE Core Requirement: Social Science.
SOAN 199: Introductory Topics in Sociology and Anthropology
The department periodically offers special topics courses at the introductory level. The specific title of the course is listed in the class and lab schedule when it is offered.
Level 2 Courses
SOAN 233: A Sociology of Colonialism and Postcolonialism
This course examines the sociology of colonialism and the colonialism of sociology. The readings in this course use sociological concepts to understand the colonial legacy irrespective of geographical or temporal parameters and reflect on how sociology itself is implicated in the colonial legacy. The objective is to assay whether sociology can meaningfully render colonialism intelligible without being an instance of it and determine whether colonialism can be conceived outside of specific national instances. Offered periodically.
OLE Core Requirement: Global Histories and Societies; Power and Race.
SOAN 236: A Sociology of the Arab World
This course focuses on the formation and development of contemporary Arab societies, politics, and cultures. It examines the evolving sociological bases of modern Arab states and societies, impact and legacies of European colonialization, religious and ethnic composition of the region and their impact on Arab identities, effects of economic crises and transformations on class structures and class relations, gender and sexuality matters, and social change and current social movements.
OLE Core Requirement: Social Science.
SOAN 237: Forging a Latin American Culture
This course explores the forces that shape contemporary Latin American society, including material and cultural interactions with Europe, Africa, and the U.S. Emphasis is placed on understanding the formation of the region in terms of the responses of key groups of actors (Indigenous peoples, women, peasants, workers, the poor, migrants, revolutionaries) to the actions of outside and/or more powerful forces and institutions (foreign invaders, the state, the military, missionaries, multinational corporations). Offered annually in the fall or spring semester.
OLE Core Requirement: Social Science.
SOAN 243: Social Issues in South Africa (study abroad)
This course offers a sociological understanding of social issues in South Africa in the post-apartheid era, as shaped by historical conditions including enslavement, colonization, and apartheid. Students learn about issues of racism and poverty and how they intersect with other lines of inequality and are shaped by culture, policies, and institutions including government, economy, and education. The course draws heavily on guest lecturers and site visits. Offered alternate years during January term.
Prerequisite: One course in sociology or anthropology, or a related social science course approved by the instructor.
OLE Core Requirement: Social Science; OLE Experience in Practice.
SOAN 247: Disasters
Disasters and crises loom large. They are not singular events. Their effects spiral starting where the crises occur and spiraling outward globally. This course examines disasters worldwide and anthropological approaches to studying them. This involves learning about disasters through various media, documentary film, written ethnography, and critical social theory. Studying disasters reveals much about scientific and institutional attempts to manage and control them and how power is articulated in disaster (mis)management. Offered annually.
SOAN 248: Sociology of Dying, Death, and Bereavement
This class investigates death-related behavior from an American and cross-cultural perspective, seeking to understand patterns of social interaction surrounding and giving meaning to dying, death, and bereavement. Topics include: death meanings and anxiety, religion and death-related customs, the dying process, hospice as a social movement, biomedical issues, the funeral industry, death rituals, and the social understanding of the bereavement process. Offered periodically during January term.
OLE Core Requirement: Social Science.
SOAN 250: Visual Sociology
Formal education has always emphasized written texts even though human beings are surrounded by photo-generated images and visual culture. This course helps fill that gap and offers methods for understanding the social world visually. The course challenges students to grapple with visual theory and develop their own visual research projects. Discussions of fieldwork, key writings about visual methodologies, and samples of groundbreaking visual sociological projects will inform student work. Offered alternate years.
OLE Core Requirement: Social Science.
SOAN 258: Drugs, Addiction, and Anthropology
This course explores the complex human interaction with drugs. The readings examine historical trajectories of substance use and the ways drugs shaped the development of societies. Students learn more about how drugs work biologically and socially, as well as reasons why drugs can create powerful forms of addiction that often resist treatment. Ethnographic evidence vividly depicts the layered intersection of drugs, addiction, and therapeutic intervention in the United States and elsewhere.
OLE Core Requirement: Social Science.
SOAN 260: Families, Marriage, & Relationships
This course provides a social science understanding of the "contemporary American family" and analysis of marriage and family issues from a cross-cultural perspective. Students discuss issues of dating and mate selection, marital and parent-child relationships over the family life cycle, gender issues, work and family roles, and problem-related issues affecting families (divorce, violence and death) caused by rapid changes in society. Offered annually in the fall or spring semester.
OLE Core Requirement: Social Science; Power and Race.
SOAN 261: Gender in Cross-Cultural Perspective
This course compares gender patterns and issues in various cultures around the world, such as Latin America, the Middle East, India, the U.S., and East Asia. How do cultural expectations for women and men vary? Why do some societies have more gender equality than others? How do economic and political change, including globalization, impact gender roles? How do U.S. and Third World feminism compare? Offered annually in the fall or spring semester.
OLE Core Requirement: Social Science; Power and Race.
SOAN 262: Global Interdependence
Approaching the world as a "global village," the course will focus on the development of the world as an interdependent entity, the relationship between the "developed" and "developing" world, alternative explanations for planned social change, and new institutions for this international world. Global challenges such as the information revolution, population, the status of women, and migration are analyzed to illustrate this interdependence. Offered annually in the fall or spring semester.
OLE Core Requirement: Social Science; Global Histories and Societies.
SOAN 264: Race and Class in American Culture
Students explore the continuing significance of color, class, and immigration in the U.S., with a focus on the experiences and concerns of African Americans, Native Americans, Hispanics/Latinos, and Asian-Americans. The course examines the nature and functions of prejudice; the relationship among race, class and gender; the persistence of racism and inequality; and social policies and social movements intended to create greater social justice. Offered annually in the fall or spring semester.
OLE Core Requirement: Social Science; Power and Race.
SOAN 265: Religion, Culture, and Society
This course examines and analyzes religious beliefs, meanings, rituals, and organizational patterns from empirical and theoretical perspectives. Students are introduced to the sociological study of religion through its foundational thinkers as well as current theoretical approaches and research in the field. Important contemporary issues and debates examined include secularization, conversion, new religions and religious movements, gender and sexuality, and fundamentalism. Offered periodically in the fall or spring semester.
OLE Core Requirement: Religion, Faith and Values; Social Science.
SOAN 267: Medical Anthropology
How do people understand illness and healing? How does social inequality shape health? These are among the questions explored by medical anthropology. In this course students examine the ways people in different societies experience their bodies, by looking at AIDS in Haiti, old age in India, and childbirth in the United States. Students investigate diverse understandings of health, different means of promoting healing, and the role of power in providing medical care. Offered annually.
OLE Core Requirement: Social Science.
SOAN 269: Urban Sociology
Urban sociology investigates the complex interactions of human beings in cities and beyond. Topics include the changing relationship between people and place; social stratification along the lines of race/ethnicity, gender/sexuality, and class; and urbanism's importance in global political power and economics. Chicago will serve as an important case study for considering these social, political, and economic dynamics. Offered annually.
OLE Core Requirement: Social Science; Power and Race.
Core Courses/Independent Study/Internships
SOAN 290: Social Theory
This core SOAN course covers critical concepts from Sociology and Anthropology to understand complex social and cultural dynamics systematically. Focusing on key concepts and thinkers that have shaped the disciplines of Sociology and Anthropology, the course will provide majors with the critical analytic tools important for subsequent courses that they will take.
OLE Core Requirement: Global Histories and Societies.
SOAN 291: History of Sociological Theory
This course provides an overview of the major thinkers who sought to create a science of human society, the ideas they found fundamental to a science of society and how human society changes through history. Classical thinkers such as Marx, Durkheim, Simmel, Weber, and Mead are studied along with the schools of theory which they inspired: positivism, interpretive and critical conflict theory. Offered annually in the spring semester.
Prerequisite: one sociology/anthropology course. Open to sociology/anthropology majors only.
OLE Core Requirement: Global Histories and Societies.
SOAN 292: Anthropological Theory
This course introduces students to anthropological theory and the "culture" of the discipline itself. Students examine anthropology's formation during the Industrial Revolution and the Age of Empire, which called for new explanations of human differences and gave new significance to the nature and meaning of "culture." They explore the method of participant observation research, the question of whether anthropology is a science, the problem of representing one culture to another, and the changing nature of ethnographic writing. Offered annually in the fall semester.
Prerequisite: open to sociology/anthropology majors only.
OLE Core Requirement: Writing Across the Curriculum.
SOAN 294: Academic Internship
OLE Core Requirement: OLE Experience in Practice.
SOAN 298: Independent Study
Independent work is guided by a faculty member. Students need to have the necessary background, including appropriate coursework, before an independent project is approved. A student may not substitute an IS/IR course for a course regularly offered in a department or program. IS/IR culminates in at least one product (a paper, laboratory report, work of art, etc.). Normally, the student and faculty instructor are expected to meet at least once a week. See catalog for more information under registration and course enrollment.
Prerequisites: at least second-year standing; at least 2 relevant courses for 298 (IS); approval from the faculty instructor, the academic advisor, and the department chair or program director.
SOAN 299: Topics in Sociology/Anthropology
The department periodically offers special topics courses. The specific title of the course is listed in the class and lab schedule when it is offered.
SOAN 371: Foundations of Social Science Research: Quantitative Methods
Students gain the skills necessary to conduct and critically evaluate quantitative research. Students learn the underlying theoretical assumptions and orientations of quantitative research, including research design, sampling techniques, strategies for data collection, and approaches to analysis. Students gain practice in data analysis by conducting are search project and using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), a standard in sociology. Offered annually in the fall semester.
Prerequisite: STAT 110 or SDS 172; open to junior or senior sociology/anthropology majors only.
OLE Core Requirement: Quantitative and Computational Reasoning.
SOAN 373: Ethnographic Research Methods
Students learn to design and conduct qualitative research in the tradition of sociological and anthropological ethnography. Students discuss theoretical approaches to ethnography and learn data collection methods through case studies and fieldwork assignments. Students use their own research to gain experience in interpreting field notes, doing analysis, and writing an ethnographic interpretation of their research findings. Offered annually in the spring semester.
Prerequisite: SOAN 291 or SOAN 292; open to junior or senior sociology/anthropology majors only.
SOAN 394: Academic Internship
OLE Core Requirement: OLE Experience in Practice.
SOAN 396: Directed Undergraduate Research
This course provides a comprehensive research opportunity, including an introduction to relevant background material, technical instruction, identification of a meaningful project, and data collection. The topic is determined by the faculty member in charge of the course and may relate to their research interests. Offered based on department decision. May be offered as a 1.00 credit course or .50 credit course.
Prerequisite: determined by individual instructor.
SOAN 398: Independent Research
Independent work is guided by a faculty member. Students need to have the necessary background, including appropriate coursework, before an independent project is approved. A student may not substitute an IS/IR course for a course regularly offered in a department or program. IS/IR culminates in at least one product (a paper, laboratory report, work of art, etc.). Normally, the student and faculty instructor are expected to meet at least once a week. See catalog for more information under registration and course enrollment.
Prerequisites: at least second-year standing; at least 5 relevant courses for 398 (IR); approval from the faculty instructor, the academic advisor, and the department chair or program director.
SOAN 399: Senior Seminar
This seminar offers in-depth reading, writing, and discussion on a selected topic from areas common to sociology and anthropology with an emphasis on contemporary analysis and ethics. Specific content will vary from year to year. Offered annually in the spring semester.
Prerequisite: open to senior sociology/anthropology majors only.
OLE Core Requirement: Ethical Reasoning in Context.
Sociology/Anthropology Major - Plan of Study
This is a sample plan that meets the prescribed requirements for the Sociology/Anthropology major at St. Olaf. This tool is meant as a guide and does not replace working closely with the student's academic advisor.
SOAN 121 and SOAN 128 are open to first-year students only. There are no prerequisites for level II courses, although one previous SOAN course is recommended. SOAN 371 and SOAN 373 are open only to juniors and seniors.
| First Year | ||
|---|---|---|
| Fall Semester | Credits | |
| FYS 120 or WRIT 120 |
First-Year Seminar (or Conversation Program) or Writing and Rhetoric |
1.00 |
| SOAN 121 or SOAN 128 |
Introduction to Sociology 1 or Introduction to Cultural Anthropology |
1.00 |
| Elective/OLE Core Course | 1.00 | |
| World Language or OLE Core Course (depending on placement) | 1.00 | |
| Credits | 4 | |
| January Term | ||
| Elective/OLE Core Course | 1.00 | |
| Credits | 1 | |
| Spring Semester | ||
| WRIT 120 or FYS 120 |
Writing and Rhetoric (or Conversation Program) or First-Year Seminar |
1.00 |
| SOAN 128 or SOAN 121 |
Introduction to Cultural Anthropology 1 or Introduction to Sociology |
1.00 |
| ECON 260 or SDS 172 |
Introductory Econometrics 2 or Statistics 1 |
1.00 |
| World Language or OLE Core Course (depending on placement) | 1.00 | |
| Credits | 4 | |
| Sophomore Year | ||
| Fall Semester | ||
| ECON 260 or SDS 172 |
Introductory Econometrics 2 or Statistics 1 |
1.00 |
| SOAN 200-level Course (1 of 4) | 1.00 | |
| SOAN 290 | Social Theory 3 | 1.00 |
| SOAN 291 | History of Sociological Theory 4 | 1.00 |
| Credits | 4 | |
| January Term | ||
| Elective/OLE Core Course | 1.00 | |
| Credits | 1 | |
| Spring Semester | ||
| SOAN 292 | Anthropological Theory 4 | 1.00 |
| SOAN 200-level Course (2 of 4) | 1.00 | |
| Elective/OLE Core Course | 1.00 | |
| Elective/OLE Core Course | 1.00 | |
| Credits | 4 | |
| Junior Year | ||
| Fall Semester | ||
| SOAN 371 | Foundations of Social Science Research: Quantitative Methods | 1.00 |
| Elective/OLE Core Course | 1.00 | |
| Elective/OLE Core Course | 1.00 | |
| Elective/OLE Core Course | 1.00 | |
| Credits | 4 | |
| January Term | ||
| Elective/OLE Core Course | 1.00 | |
| Credits | 1 | |
| Spring Semester | ||
| SOAN 373 | Ethnographic Research Methods | 1.00 |
| SOAN 200-level Course (3 of 4) | 1.00 | |
| Elective/OLE Core Course | 1.00 | |
| Elective/OLE Core Course | 1.00 | |
| Credits | 4 | |
| Senior Year | ||
| Fall Semester | ||
| SOAN 200-level Course (4 of 4) | 1.00 | |
| Elective/OLE Core Course | 1.00 | |
| Elective/OLE Core Course | 1.00 | |
| Elective/OLE Core Course | 1.00 | |
| Credits | 4 | |
| Spring Semester | ||
| SOAN 399 | Senior Seminar | 1.00 |
| Elective/OLE Core Course | 1.00 | |
| Elective/OLE Core Course | 1.00 | |
| Elective/OLE Core Course | 1.00 | |
| Credits | 4 | |
| Total Credits | 35 | |
- 1
Both SOAN 121 and SOAN 128 may be counted as electives for the major.
- 2
The prerequisites for ECON 260 include MATH 119 or MATH 120 and one of ECON 110-121. These would need to be taken or met during the first year of study.
- 3
This course is required for students graduating in 2028 and later
- 4
SOAN 291 and SOAN 292 are required for students graduating in the class of 2027 and earlier
Students must successfully complete the equivalent of 35 or more St. Olaf credits, through a combination of full-credit and fractional-credit courses, one major, and all other degree requirements to earn the Bachelor of Arts degree.
Visit the sociology/anthropology webpage for more information.
Department Chair, 2026-2027
Vivian Choi
Associate Professor of Sociology/Anthropology
South Asia; science and technology; disasters
Matthew Aguilar-Champeau
Visiting Instructor of Sociology and Anthropology
Ibtesam âl-Atiyat
Professor of Sociology/Anthropology
Arab society; gender; social movements; Islamic movements
Sidonia Alenuma
Associate Professor of Sociology/Anthropology
Christopher (Chris) L. Chiappari
Associate Professor of Sociology/Anthropology
Guatemala; religion; immigration
Andrea Conger
Associate Professor of Practice in Dance
public health studies
Marc David
Associate Professor of Practice of Sociology/Anthropology
Social class, race, cultural politics of heritage and historical representation in the U.S.
David C. Schalliol
Associate Professor of Sociology/Anthropology; Associate Dean for Social Sciences
social stratification; urban sociology; visual sociology; criminology; education
Ryan R. Sheppard
Associate Professor of Practice in Sociology/Anthropology
family; gender; race/ethnicity; social movements; quantitative research
Thomas A. Williamson
Professor of Sociology and Anthropology
Southeast Asia; theory; globalization; medical anthropology